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Floriano Vieira de Araújo Peixotob. 30 Apr 1839, Riacho Grande, Vila de Ipioca, Alagoas |
| Title: | Vice-Presidente da República da República dos Estados Unidos do Brasil (Vice President of the Republic of United States of Brazil) [1] |
| Term: | 26 Feb 1891 - 15 Nov 1894 |
| Chronology: | 25 Feb 1891, elected at the 61st session of the National Constituent Congress, Quinta da Boa Vista Palace, Rio de Janeiro [2] |
| 26 Feb 1891, took the oath of office at the 62nd (and final) session of the National Constituent Congress, Quinta da Boa Vista Palace, Rio de Janeiro [3] | |
| 23 Nov 1891, assumed the presidency upon the resignation of President of the Republic | |
| 15 Nov 1894, term expired |
| Biography: | |||||||||||||||
Floriano Vieira de Araújo Peixoto, who was the son of a small landowner, graduated from a military school in 1863. He actively participated in the Paraguayan War (1864-1870) and was promoted to lieutenant-colonel (1870) and brigadier (1882). In 1884 Peixoto assumed the position of military commander and President of the Province of Mato Grosso, which he held for one year, but was dismissed after a conflict with the President of the Council of Ministers, Barão de Cotegipe. After staying at his estate in Alagoas for four years (1885-1889), Peixoto returned to the army and was made field marshal (1889). He refused to execute the order of Visconde de Ouro Preto to disperse a public rally in Rio de Janeiro on 15 Nov 1889, when the military overthrew Emperor Pedro II. Peixoto was appointed war minister (19 Apr 1890 - 22 Jan 1891) in the Provisional Government presided by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca and elected senator for the State of Alagoas (1890). Peixoto was elected Vice President of the Republic by the National Congress on 25 Feb 1891, but political and personal animosity between him and Marshal Deodoro hampered the work of government. In less than a year, Peixoto assumed the presidency (23 Nov 1891) [1] after Marshal Deodoro resigned as a result of political turmoil following his decision to dissolve a dissenting Congress. Peixoto recalled the Congress dissolved by his predecessor and obtained approval to continue acting as head of state until the end of the constitutionally mandated term. In a series of dismissals known as "19 coups" (1891-1892), he removed almost all state governors appointed by Fonseca. In April 1892 Peixoto suppressed the political movement initiated by military leaders demanding direct election of president of the Republic. In December 1893 his government was involved in another conflict with a part of the Brazilian Navy, which joined the federalist revolution in Santa Catarina. Supported by the landowners of São Paulo, Peixoto severely crushed the opposition and presided over transition to the civilian government in 1894. Biography source: [4] |
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| Election results: | |||||||||||||||
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| Voting results: [2][5] | |||||||||||||||
| Sources and notes: | |||||||||||||||
| [1] | Art. 42 of the 1891 Constitution provided that in any case of vacancy of the office of President or of Vice President occurring when two years of the presidential term of office have not yet elapsed, a new election is to be held. Peixoto, who took office upon the resignation of Fonseca before a year of the term of office had elapsed, held that Art. 1 of the Transitional Provisions provided in its Paragraph 1 that the President and Vice-President elected by the Congress were to hold office during the whole designated first presidential term, and that therefore he was bound by this provision, which superseded Art. 42, this article to come into operation only with the first constitutionally elected President and Vice-President; and that consequently the provision that in case of vacancy of the office of President the Vice President would succeed to the office was not applicable to him, wherefore he continued to style himself Vice-Presidente da República. | ||||||||||||||
| [2] | Annaes do Congresso Constituinte da Republica: Segunda edição: Revista (Rio de Janeiro: Imprensa Nacional, 1926) Volume III. P. 917. | ||||||||||||||
| [3] | Annaes do Congresso Constituinte da Republica. Op. cit. P. 921. | ||||||||||||||
| [4] | "História da República Brasileira", by Hélio Silva, 21 vol. (São Paulo, Editora Três, 1979). | ||||||||||||||
| [5] | "Dicionário do voto", by Walter Costa Porto (Universidade de Brasília, Brasília/São Paulo 2000). | ||||||||||||||
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