Ukraine: Directory: 1918-1920 |
| Dyrektorija Ukrajinsʹkoji Narodnoji Respubliky (Директорія Української Народної Республіки) | Directory of the Ukrainian People's Republic [1][2] |
| members: členy Dyrektoriji (члени Директорії) |
| 15 Nov 1918 - 10 Feb 1919 |
Volodymyr Kyrylovyč Vynnyčenko (Володимир Кирилович Винниченко) [3] |
| 15 Nov 1918 - 14 Nov 1920 |
Symon Vasylʹovyč Petljura (Симон Васильович Петлюра) |
| 15 Nov 1918 - 14 Nov 1920 |
Fedir Petrovyč Švecʹ (Федір Петрович Швець) [4] |
| 15 Nov 1918 - 14 Nov 1920 |
Andrij Havrylovyč Makarenko (Андрій Гаврилович Макаренко) [4] |
| 15 Nov 1918 - 13 May 1919 |
Opanas Myxajlovyč Andrijevsʹkyj (Опанас Михайлович Андрієвський) |
| 12 Mar 1919 - 1 Jul 1919 |
Jevhen Omeljanovyč Petruševyč (Євген Омелянович Петрушевич) [5] |
| presidents: holova Dyrektoriji (голова Директорії) |
| 13 Nov 1918 - 9 Feb 1919 |
Volodymyr Kyrylovyč Vynnyčenko (Володимир Кирилович Винниченко) |
| 9 Feb 1919 - 9 May 1919 |
office vacant [6] |
| 9 May 1919 - 14 Nov 1920 |
Symon Vasylʹovyč Petljura (Симон Васильович Петлюра) [7] |
| |
| [1] |
The Directory was elected at the clandestine meeting of the presidium of the Ukrainian National Association (Ukrajinsʹkyj nacionalʹnyj sojuz|Український національний союз) held in Kyiv most probably on 13 Nov 1918 (aleternative date: 14 Nov 1918). The Directory assumed the leadership of the uprising against the Hetman of Ukraine by a proclamation dated 15 Nov 1918. The seat of government was located in Bila Tserkva (15 Nov 1918 - 3 Dec 1918), Vinnytsia (3 Dec 1918 - 18 Dec 1918) and Kyiv (from 19 Dec 1918). |
| [2] |
The Directory ceased to function as a collective body when its functions were officially transferred to the President of the Directory (Petljura) in accordance with a resolution of the Directory 15 Nov 1919. |
| [3] |
The membership of Vynnyčenko was terminated by a resolution of the Central Committee of the Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party (Ukrajinsʹka social-demokratyčna robitnyča partija|Українська соціал-демократична робітнича партія) adopted on 9 Feb 1919. According to an entry in the diary of Vynnyčenko, he stepped down on 10 Feb 1919. |
| [4] |
After the transfer of executive authority to the President of the Directory (15 Nov 1919), Švecʹ and Makarenko were authorized to continue in offices, acting as the members of the Directory on a diplomatic mission. Their diplomatic powers were revoked on 14 Feb 1920, both were recalled to Ukraine by a resolution of the Council of People's Ministers of 21 May 1920, but refused to comply. |
| [5] |
Petruševyč was admitted as a member to the Directory on 12 Mar 1919, representing Western Ukraine, but did not participate in the meetings of the Directory in person. His appointment as the Dictator of the Western Oblast of the Ukrainian People's Republic (9 Jun 1919) was deemed as defying the authority of the Directory. The Council of People's Ministers of the Ukrainian People's Republic voted a resolution (1 Jul 1919), recognizing the membership of Petruševyč in the Directory as being "untenable." |
| [6] |
The functions of President of the Directory during the vacancy were rotating between the Directory members Petljura, Andrijevsʹkyj, Makarenko and Švecʹ. |
| [7] |
During his tenure as President of the Directory, Petljura was intermittently absent from the territory of Ukraine and was represented by the Council of People's Ministers, operating mostly in western parts of Ukraine. After a series of military defeats in the war with Russia, the Council abandoned the temporary capital, Kamianets-Podilskyi, on 9 Jul 1920 and crossed the border on 16 Jul 1920, effectively becoming a government-in-exile. The Council briefly returned to Ukraine, resuming its operations in Kamianets-Podilskyi on 11 Nov 1920, but was forced to leave on 14 Nov 1920 and moved to the territory of Poland shortly after. |
