Ottoman Empire: Sources

• Alderson (1956). "The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty", by A. D. Alderson (Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1956)
• Arnold (1924). "The Caliphate", by Sir Thomas W. Arnold (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924) (web site)
• Buzpınar (2005). Ş. Tufan Buzpınar, "The Question of Caliphate under the Last Ottoman Sultans" in Ottoman Reform and Muslim Regeneration (Library of Ottoman Studies 8), ed. by Itzchak Weismann, Fruma Zachs (London: I.B. Tauris, 2005), pp. 17-36.
• Finkel (2005). "Osman's Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire 1300-1923", by Caroline Finkel (New York: Basic Books, 2005)
• Inalcik (1973). "The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age 1300-1600", by Halıl Inalcık, translated by Norman Itzkowitz and Colin Imber (New York: Praeger, 1973)
• Reychman and Zajączkowski (1968). "Handbook of Ottoman-Turkish Diplomatics", by Jan Reychman, Ananiasz Zajączkowski (Hague: Mouton, 1968)
• Theunissen (1998). "Ottoman-Venetian Diplomatics: the ^cAhd-names. The Historical Background and the Development of a Category of Political-Commercial Instruments together with an Annotated Edition of a Corpus of Relevant Documents", by Hans Theunissen in Electronic Journal of Oriental Studies, I (1998), no. 2, pp. 1-698.
• Tugras (2008). Osmanlı Padışah Tuğraları - Ottoman Sultan Tugras (web site). Last visited 1 Feb 2008.