Educated at the Colegio de Sonora, Hermosillo, and at the Escuela Nacional Preparatoria (National Preparatory School), Mexico City; studied accounting, music, and singing; returned to Sonora, where worked as bookkeeper, bank employee, tannery manager and singing-master; was affiliated (from 1908) with the Partido Nacional Antirreeleccionista (Anti-Reelectionist Party); left Guaymas to become involved in politics in central Mexico; supported political campaigns of Francisco Madero; negotiated peace terms with the Yaqui Indians in Sonora; was elected a deputy (1911-1913) to the Congreso del Estado de Sonora (Congress of the State of Sonora); joined Venustiano Carranza and the Constitutionalist Army during the Revolution; appointed senior official of the Administration of Government (1913); appointed provisional governor of Sonora (19 May 1916 - 18 Jun 1917); elected to the federal Senado (1917); served as consul general in New York, U.S. (1917-1918); elected governor of the State of Sonora (served 1 Sep 1919 - 1 Sep 1923); joined the rebellion against Carranza initiated by Plutarco Elías Calles, Ángel Flores, Francisco R. Manzo and other military leaders; in accordance with the Plan de Agua Prieta (23 Apr 1920), appointed Supreme Head of the Constitutionalist Liberal Army; entered Mexico City, forcing Carranza to flee the capital; following the assassination of Carranza, was elected President Substitute of the Mexican United States (1 Jun 1920 - 30 Nov 1920); served as finance minister (1 Dec 1920 - 25 Sep 1923); launched a rebellion (1923-1924) against the government of Álvaro Obregón; fled to the United States and lived in Los Angeles, California; was invited to return to Mexico by Lázaro Cárdenas (1935); held a number of minor government positions. Biography source: [4] |
