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José María Teclo Morelos y Pavón b. 30 Sep 1765, Valladolid, Michoacán |
| Title: | Generalísimo de las Armas de América Septentrinal, Siervo de la Nación (Generalissimo of the North American Armies entrusted with the Executive Power, Servant of the Nation) [to 22 [?] Jan 1814] |
| Encargado del Poder Ejecutivo (In charge of the Executive Power) [from 22 [?] Jan 1814] | |
| Term: | 15 Sep 1813 14 Mar 1814 |
| Chronology: | 15 Sep 1813, elected by the Congress of Anáhuac |
| 22[?] Jan 1814, deprived of his title of Generalissimo by the Congress | |
| 14 Mar 1814, dismissed by the Congress |
| Biography: | |
José María Morelos y Pavón assumed leadership of the Mexican independence movement after the execution of its initiator, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, in July 1811. He was co-opted as a member of the Suprema Junta Nacional Americana (Supreme National American Junta) on 13 Jun 1812 (officially notified by a letter from José María Liceaga dated 30 Jun 1812). As Captain General of the insurgent army and a member of the Governing Junta, he called for the convocation of Congress on 26 Jun 1813. On 14 Sep 1813, the Congress of Anáhuac assembled at Chilpancingo and on the following day elected Morelos Generalissimo in charge of the Executive Power. On 6 Nov 1813, the Congress issued a declaration of independence from Spain. After several military defeats in December 1813 and January 1814, Morelos was deprived of his title of Generalissimo by the Congress, which held meetings in Tlacotepec. New defeats near Las Ánimas caused the Congress to dismiss him as chief executive on 14 Mar 1814. |
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| Sources and notes: | |
| [1] | "Morelos: documentos inéditos de vida revolucionaria", by Carlos Herrejón Peredo (El Colegio de Michoacán, 1987). |
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