Japan: Sources

• Dettmer (1981). "Liste der Regierungszeiten und Ära-Bezeichnungen: Eine Revision", by Hans A. Dettmer, in Oriens Extremus 28 (1981), 232-249.
• Nihongi (1972). "Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697", ed. by W.G. Aston (Rutland, VT and Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle, 1972) (vol. 1: web site)
• Papinot (1948). "Historical and geographical dictionary of Japan", by Edmond Papinot (Ann Arbor: Overbeck Co., 1948)
• Ponsonby-Fane (1959). "The Imperial House of Japan", by R. A. B. Ponsonby-Fane (Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society, 1959)
• Williams (2003). "Tsumi - offence and retribution in early Japan", by Yoko Williams (London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003)