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Jean-Marie Collot, dit Collot d'Herbois b. 19 Jun 1749, Paris, France |
| Title: | Président de la Convention nationale (President of the National Convention) |
| Term: | 13 Jun 1793 - 27 Jun 1793 |
| Chronology: | 13 Jun 1793, election as president proclaimed by the National Convention, session of the Convention, salle des Machines, Palais des Tuileries, Paris; assumed the chair immediately upon the proclamation of election [1, vol. LXVI, p. 508] [2, vol. XIII, p. 278] |
| 27 Jun 1793, expiration of term; successor elected and proclaimed [1, vol. LXVII, p. 603] [2, vol. XIV, p. 373] | |
| Term: | 19 Jul 1794 - 3 Aug 1794 |
| Chronology: | 19 Jul 1794, election as president proclaimed by the National Convention, session of the Convention, salle des Machines, Palais des Tuileries, Paris [1, vol. XCIII, p. 323] [2, vol. XLII, p. 26] |
| 20 Jul 1794, assumed the chair as President of the National Convention first time after the proclamation of election, session of the Convention, salle des Machines, Palais des Tuileries, Paris[1, vol. XCIII, p. 325] | |
| 3 Aug 1794, expiration of term; successor elected and proclaimed [1, vol. XCIV, p. 124] [2, vol. XLIII, p. 12] |
| Biography: | |||||||||||||
Son of a Parisian goldsmith; educated by the Oratorians; at the age of eighteen, joined the traveling theatres; wrote more than twenty plays; became manager of the theatrical troupes; director of a theatre at Lyon (1786); at the outbreak of the Revolution returned to Paris, where employed actor's skills for organizing revolutionary celebrations; joined the Jacobin Club in Paris (1790); acquired great popularity with the publication of L'Almanach du Père Gérard, a book advocating constitutional monarchy (1791); was a member of the Commune of Paris and actively participated in the insurrection of 10 Aug 1792; elected to the Convention nationale (National Convention) (1792-1795) as a deputy for Paris; took seat with the extreme left Montagnards; demanded abolition of kingship at the meeting of the Convention (21 Sep 1792); voted for the death sentence at the trial of King Louis XVI; as a representative of the Convention (9 Mar 1793 - 30 Apr 1793), sent to the départements Nièvre and Loiret to oversee the levy of 300,000 soldiers; vigorously supported the expulsion and proscription of the Girondins; served as President of the National Convention (13 Jun 1793 - 27 Jun 1793, 19 Jul 1794 - 3 Aug 1794); was elected a member of the Comité de salut public (Committee of Public Safety) (6 Sep 1793 - 1 Sep 1794) along with his friend, Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne; went on a mission as the representative of the Convention (30 Oct 1793 - 18 Dec 1793) to Lyon (renamed Ville-Affranchie), where mercilessly suppressed a counterrevolutionary revolt; survived an assassination attempt (23 May 1794); presided the Convention during the coup of 9 Thermidor, Year II (27 Jul 1794); resigned the membership in the Committee of Public Safety (1 Sep 1794); was accused of complicity with Maximilien Robespierre and condemned to exile (1 Apr 1795) at the same time as Billaud-Varenne, Bertrand Barère and Marc Vadier; sent to the Isle of Oléron and then to French Guiana, where died of yellow fever. Biography source: [3] [4] [5] |
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| Election results: | |||||||||||||
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| Election source: 1793 [1, vol. LXVI, p. 508]; 1794 [1, vol. XCIII, p. 323] | |||||||||||||
| Sources and notes: | |||||||||||||
| [1] | Archives parlementaires de 1787 à 1860: recueil complet des débats législatifs et politiques des Chambres françaises. Première série, 1787 à 1799 (Paris: 1868-1913, 1966-) | ||||||||||||
| [2] | Procès-verbal de la Convention nationale, imprimé par son ordre; (Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1792-an IV) | ||||||||||||
| [3] | Detailed summary of sickness and death of Collot at a military hospital of Cayenne (not Sinnamary) on 8 Jun 1796 (not 8 Jan 1796) is found in Curiosités révolutionnaires. Billaud-Varenne, membre du comité de Salut public. Mémoires inédits et correspondance accompagnés de Notices biographiques sur Billaud Varenne et Collot-d'Herbois, ed. by Alfred Bégis (Paris: Librairie de la Nouvelle Revue, 1893), pp. 90-93. | ||||||||||||
| [4] | Dictionnaire des Conventionnels, by Auguste Kuscinski (Paris: Société de l'Histoire de la Révolution française & Librairie F. Rieder, 1917). | ||||||||||||
| [5] | Dictionnaire des parlementaires français: depuis le 1er mai 1789 jusqu'au 1er mai 1889, ed. by Adolphe Robert, Edgar Bourloton, Gaston Cougny (Paris: Bourloton, 1889-1891). | ||||||||||||
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