Northern Qi: Sources

• Book of Northern Qi. "The Book of Northern Qi" (Běi Qí shū | 北齊書) (web site; web site)
• History of the Northern Dynasties. "The History of the Northern Dynasties" (Běi shǐ | 北史) (web site; web site)
• Zīzhì Tòngjiàn. "Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance" (Zīzhì tōngjiàn | 資治通鑑) (web site)

• Moule. "The Rulers Of China 221 B.C. – A.D. 1949", ed. by Arthur Christopher Moule (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1957).